Ray Razlighi Laboratory

Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory

The Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory (QNL), an engineering-based research lab housed in the Brain Health Imaging Institute (BHII) of the Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM) Department of Radiology, primarily investigates the neural and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning the negative blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) response (NBR) in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals. Additionally, the QNL employs NBR as a new tool to study the structure and dynamics of the brain’s large-scale networks and subsystems. By using state-of-the-art signal and image-processing tools, and mathematical and statistical methods, the QNL develops techniques to quantify structural and functional brain images—thereby detecting brain-based effects that are normally beyond the sensitivity and specificity of common detection methods. 

Associated Lab Members

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Ray RazlighiPh.D.
  • Associate Professor of Neuroscience

In 2009, Dr. Qolamreza "Ray" Razlighi earned his doctorate in electrical engineering and image processing from the University of Texas. During this time, Dr. Razlighi introduced a new causal Markov random field (MRF) model—Quadrilateral MRF (QMRF)—which has dramatically influenced medical and commercial image analysis, resulting in 12 publications and one patent to date. Dr. Razlighi’s advanced knowledge of neuroimaging and neuroscience started with one year of postdoctoral training at the Brain Imaging Laboratory of the Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University. His education continued with two years of postdoctoral training in the Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University. 

Dr. Razlighi has been involved in many neuroimaging projects focused on implementing mathematical models and methods for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. These include the development of a method for extracting brain features related to the cortical folding pattern; the development of a new non-stationary maximum a posteriori (MAP) QMRF (MAP-QMRF) classifier for brain image segmentation; analysis of fMRI data in a subject’s native space (thereby circumventing the problematic spatial-smoothing step, particularly in studies comparing young/old); and the investigation of inter-hemispheric averaging in resting-state fMRI data analysis. During his postdoctoral training, Dr. Razlighi participated in numerous neuroscience and neuroimaging courses.  

Farnia Feiz Photo
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Farnia FeizM.D., M.P.H.
  • Research Associate

In 2020, Dr. Farnia Feiz joined the Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory (QNL) as clinical research manager. She helps with patient recruitment,  medical data review, and  regulatory  operations  of the QNL’s National Institutes of Health-funded  study. Prior to arriving at Weill Cornell Medicine, Dr. Feiz worked on numerous studies in neuroradiology and neurodegenerative diseases.  She holds an M.D. from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and an M.P.H. from New York University.  

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Antonio Fernandez GuerreroPh.D.
  • Postdoctoral Associate

From 2005 to 2011, Antonio Fernandez Guerrero, Ph.D., studied theoretical physics at the Complutense University of Madrid, graduating at the top of his class. From 2011 to 2012, Dr. Guerrero continued his education at Complutense University, earning a  master’s degree in biomedical physics and, once more, graduated at the top of his class. During this period, he collaborated with Madrid’s Cajal Blue Brain Project, using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study the effective connectivity patterns of mild cognitive impairment. Because of his excellent grades,  Complutense University offered Dr. Guerrero the opportunity to pursue a doctorate in computational biology; however, he rejected the offer, opting instead to pursue neuroscience, his greatest scientific passion. 

In 2013, Dr. Guerrero began his doctoral studies at the University of Zurich. Before transitioning to neuroscience, he studied sleep onset transition in humans using electroencephalogram (EEG) under Professor Peter Achermann. Using EEG power spectral density changes, Dr. Guerrero investigated how functional and effective patterns could be correlated or tracked during the sleep onset transition—both in normal conditions and under sleep deprivation. He also co-wrote a paper on cosmology and completed the  two-year  sleep neuroscience program. 

In 2021, under the supervision of Dr. Ray  Razlighi, Dr. Guerrro became a Weill Cornell Medicine postdoctoral student, conducting quantitative analyses on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Currently, he’s focused on how negative blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) (NBR) response, or functional connectivity, impacts the brain’s executive functions, or cognitive reserve. He also studies how this, in turn, compares amongst different populations, particularly old and young populations. Dr. Fernandez Guerrero has worked with EEG, MEG, and fMRI, giving him a broad experience with the most common neuroscience techniques.  

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Hani HojjatiPh.D.
  • Postdoctoral Associate

Hani Hojjati, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral associate in the Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Radiology. In 2011, Dr. Hojjati earned his  bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Mazandaran University of Iran; from 2011 to 2013, he earned his  master's degree in electrical engineering from the BabolNoshirvani University of Technology (NIT); and from 2014 to 2018, he continued his education at NIT, earning a doctorate in electrical engineering.  

At NIT, Dr. Hojjati’s thesis focused on predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) using multimodal neuroimaging methods and machine learning approaches. By employing neuroimaging and multimodal forecasting techniques, he determined accurate predictors for identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus AD. Using resting-state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as tools, he enhanced the accuracy of predicting AD.  

In 2019, Dr. Hojjati started one year of postdoctoral neuroimaging training at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center Department of Pediatrics. In 2020, he entered a second postdoctoral training program at the Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Radiology. His current research involves using multimodal neuroimaging methods, including structural MRI, and amyloid/tau positron emission tomography (PET), to understand the association between neurodegeneration and amyloid/tau pathologies in the brains of both healthy control and MCI subjects. An award-winning researcher, Dr. Hojjati has published more than 12 journal articles and book chapters and presented at 19 conferences.  

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Sindy OzoriaB.A.
  • Assistant Research Coordinator

A graduate of Daemen College, Sindy Ozoria modeled her individualized studies degree after the history and philosophy of science program at the University of California, Los Angeles.  Ozoria, an assistant research coordinator, is interested in applying translational science to  vulnerable populations using computational,  cognitive,  and theoretical neuroscience tools.  

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Siddharth NayakPh.D.
  • Postdoctoral Associate

From 2010 to 2014, while pursuing his bachelor’s degree in biomedical engineering at the National Institute of Technology in Orissa, India, Dr. Nayak became interested in biomedical signal processing research. From 2014 to 2020, he pursued this path, earning a doctorate in interdisciplinary neuroscience from the National Cheng Kung University of Tainan, Taiwan. In June 2021, he became a postdoctoral researcher in the Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Radiology 

While earning his Ph.D., Dr. Nayak, who won numerous travel awards to international conferences, used electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the role of emotional processes on response inhibition. In addition to EEG and fMRI, he is interested in numerous biomedical signals, including electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyography (EMG). Dr. Nayak, who has worked on linking heart-rate variability (HRV) with EEG, aims to better understand the human brain’s cognitive processes by integrating multimodal imaging technologies.  

As a postdoctoral researcher, Dr. Nayak studies the relationship between glucose metabolism as measured by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) (FDG-PET) and the activation and deactivation of the blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal. When he is not researching, Dr. Nayak enjoys taste-testing coffee variants and gorging on food from around the world.  

Areas of Investigation


By using the NBR as a new tool, the QNL disentangles spatiotemporal discrepancies between well-documented Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies, thereby proposing refinement to the existing hypothesis for AD’s underlying pathophysiology. To achieve these goals, the QNL develops techniques to quantify structural and functional brain images, detecting brain-based effects that are normally beyond the sensitivity and specificity of the field’s commonly used methods.

 

 

Lab Focus

 

  • The QNL characterizes the NBR in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal.
  • The QNL utilizes the NBR to study the brain’s large-scale networks.
  • Using structural, functional, and molecular neuroimaging, the QNL introduces novel biomarkers and refined pathophysiology for AD.
  • The QNL optimizes the pipelines for processing structural, functional, and molecular neuroimaging data.

 

 

Lab Achievements

 

  • The QNL has recently proposed and provided preliminary evidence that the double-hit hypothesis—the existence of both pathologies within the Default Mode Network (DMN)—is necessary to initiate the disease.
  • Using the NBR, the QNL proposed a mechanism explaining how both pathologies’ existence results in severe disruption to the DMN’s functionality, eventually causing dementia.
  • The QNL showed the disassociation between the NBR and the DMN’s functional connectivity in the brain’s large-scale network. Unlike positive BOLD, the NBR is attention-specific, meaning unattended stimuli don’t induce NBR in the DMN regions. By utilizing these two properties of the NBR from the DMN, the QNL introduced a hierarchical functional structure in the human brain’s large-scale networks.
  • Using a surface-based technique and vertex-wise thickness data, the QNL demonstrated that the neural correlates of cognitive tasks, each tapping into the same cognitive domain, overlap significantly more than those of cognitive tasks tapping into different cognitive domains.
  • The QNL introduced and published an optimized method for slice-timing correction, motion correction, and spatial normalization.
  • The QNL developed a fully automatic quantification method for amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Using histopathological data, we have demonstrated this method’s superiority to conventional methods.

Research Projects

The default mode network’s (DMN’s) topography can be obtained using two different functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques: 1) spontaneous, but organized, synchrony in the low-frequency fluctuations of...

Award or Grant: National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging (NIH/NIA) 5R01AG055299, NIH/NIA 5R01AG055422, NIH/NIA 5 R01 AG057681

Conventional Markov random field (MRF) is hampered by noncausality, and its causal...

In functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive aging, age-related changes in brain morphology make it difficult to co-register brains, which is a key step for studies comparing task-related activation in young and old groups. To demonstrate the problem’s severity, the video below shows 29 participants’ brains after spatial normalization...

The QNL has developed an optimal technique to extract the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal from interleaved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In this project, the lab uses a well-established, simple signal...

Award or Grant: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Aging (NIA) 5R01AG026158

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pre-processing requires urgent attention, particularly given the increasingly complex derivation of functional connectivity-...

Award or Grant: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Aging (NIA) 3RF1AG038465

A comprehensive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) simulator not only helps in evaluating and improving the present blood oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) extraction methods for false-positive detection,...

The Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory’s (QNL’s) main research project is investigating the neural and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning the negative blood-oxygenation-level dependent...

Weill Cornell Medicine
Department of Radiology
525 East 68th Street New York, NY 10065