
Noninvasive measurement of oxygenation using QSM
Cardiac quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): feasibility of deep- learning accelerated acquisitions

Quantitative susceptibility measurement (QSM) of oxygenation
Gradient echo (GRE), QSM, and R2* in (A) moderate mitral annular calcification (MAC), (B) mild MAC, C) non-calcification. Computed tomography of each in 1st column as reference for calcification presence and severity. (Green circles=MAC location)

Noninvasive QSM oxygenation measurement
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) allows non-invasive oxygenation measurement, an index that strongly predicts clinical outcomes but currently requires invasive testing.