Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a historical perspective.

TitleMild cognitive impairment (MCI): a historical perspective.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2008
AuthorsReisberg B, Ferris SH, Kluger A, Franssen E, Wegiel J, de Leon MJ
JournalInt Psychogeriatr
Volume20
Issue1
Pagination18-31
Date Published2008 Feb
ISSN1041-6102
KeywordsAged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Disease Progression, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient, Humans, Memory Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Terminology as Topic
Abstract

Descriptions of dementia can be traced to antiquity. Prichard (1837) described four dementia stages and Kral (1962) described a "benign senescent forgetfulness" condition. The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-III (1980) identified an early dementia stage. In 1982, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) were published, which identified dementia antecedents. The CDR 0.5 "questionable dementia" stage encompasses both mild dementia and earlier antecedents. GDS stage 3 described a predementia condition termed "mild cognitive decline" or, alternatively, beginning in 1988, "mild cognitive impairment" (MCI). This GDS stage 3 MCI condition is differentiated from both a preceding GDS stage 2, "subjective cognitive impairment" (SCI) stage and a subsequent GDS 4 stage of mild dementia.GDS stage 3 MCI has been well characterized. For example, specific clinical concomitants, mental status and psychological assessment score ranges, behavioral and emotional changes, neuroimaging concomitants, neurological reflex changes, electrophysiological changes, motor and coordination changes, and changes in activities, accompanying GDS stage 3 MCI have been described.Petersen and associates proposed a definition of MCI in 2001 which has been widely used (hereafter referred to as "Petersen's MCI"). Important differences between GDS stage 3 MCI and Petersen's MCI are that, because of denial, GDS stage 3 MCI does not require memory complaints. Also, GDS stage 3 MCI recognizes the occurrence of executive level functional deficits, which Petersen's MCI did not. Nevertheless, longitudinal and other studies indicate essential compatibility between GDS stage 3 MCI and Petersen's MCI duration and outcomes.

DOI10.1017/S1041610207006394
Alternate JournalInt Psychogeriatr
PubMed ID18031593
Grant List90AM2552 / AM / NIADDK NIH HHS / United States
90AR2160 / AR / NIAMS NIH HHS / United States
90AZ2791 / / PHS HHS / United States
AG03051 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
AG09127 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
M01 RR00096 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States
P30 AG08051 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
Related Institute: 
Brain Health Imaging Institute (BHII)

Weill Cornell Medicine
Department of Radiology
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